Multi-objective optimization for creating a low-carbon logistics system through community-based action

Against global warming and environmental degradation, many interests have been paid to the studies popularly termed reverse, closed, green or sustainable logistics (Fiksel, 2010; Nikolopoulou and Ierapetritou, 2012; Srivastava, 2007). Recently, we concerned with a reverse logistics optimization in a practical manner (Shimizu and Sakaguchi, 2013) and deployed an idea for realizing an infrastructure aligned with sustainable development. Actually, we developed a model for green logistics incorporated with co-existence/co-operation of production and consumption (Shimizu, 2014, Nagata, 2014). This study extends such model to discuss on the sustainability through a community-based action that aims at facilitating the low carbon society by developing human-social systems in terms of communicative, institutional and economical approaches. To work with the problem, we have proposed a community-based model that additionally optimizes the production methods (CLs) with different structures regarding cost and CO2 emission at production sites (PSs) besides popular available collection centers (CCs), paths from PSs to CCs and circular routes travelling client retailers (REs) from every CC. It aims at building a platform where every logistic member in the community can take part in decision-making through mutual understanding about low-carbon production, transportation and consumption. Such mutual learning will eliminate major bottlenecks to shift logistics system from an individual-based action to the community-based one. Multi-objective optimization for creating a low-carbon logistics system through community-based action